The Research Process

Step One: Getting Started

Whether your research project is to find information to create a slide show, write a research paper, publish a pamphlet, or plan a vacation, you need to begin by defining and refining your topic. Start by brainstorming, on your own or with a friend, to identify what you already know about the topic, what you want to know, and what you need to know. If you are writing an essay, by the end of this step of the process, you should have identified the possible topics or arguments you are going to explore in your paper to support your thesis statement. Use a graphic organizer to classify or sort your ideas and/or the instructor's requirements.

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Step Two: Gathering Information

Referring to your graphic organizer, consider possible sources that might answer your question. Think about the following questions:

• Do you need scholarly information, or is a mix of information from scholarly, popular and trade publications acceptable?
• Do you need to use primary sources as well as secondary sources?
• Will you use books, articles, websites, or other sources (videos, interviews, etc.)?
• How can you access these types of resources in the library?

Visit the library website for access to the library catalogue, periodical databases and suggested websites for your research.

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Step Three: Analyzing and Evaluating

Review the information that you retrieved. Analyze and evaluate it to determine its value to your research. Try to answer questions such as these:

• Who is the author and what are his or her credentials?
• When was the information published? Consider whether you need current or historical information?
• Where was the information published? Consider whether you require Canadian, US or international perspectives on your topic.
• Does the publication's intended purpose support your research needs?
• Does the author list references?
• Can the information be verified?

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Step Four: Presenting Information and Citing Sources

Consider your audience and your instructor's requirements when deciding how you will communicate your research. Some possibilities include a slide show, a poster, a pamphlet or brochure, an essay, or a business report. Here are some presentation hints:

• If you've been asked to prepare a research paper, be sure to follow the required guidelines for length, citations, and other formatting.
• Visit the Learner Support Centre, for ideas about writing reports, essays and research papers, and creating presentations.
• Do not plagiarize! Be sure to cite every source and every idea that you use. Use the library's APA and MLA handouts to assist you as you create your citations list.
• Do not include symbols, sound bytes, movie clips or other information that may be subject to copyright regulations.
  

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